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The factory OEM market is dominating the global auto audio industry while aftermarket mainly refers to changing audio cassette into CD player. Consumers will seldom modify the audio system if it is already a CD player. In 2009, the global auto audio industry still centered on the factory OEM market while the aftermarket only occupied 14.4% of the entire market scale. The global auto audio market is maturely developed, so there is small growth space for this market and the price keeps falling. It is estimated that the market size of auto audio during 2010-2012 will not experience a substantial increase, nor will the market size of auto audio aftermarket.

The auto audio in China is also led by the factory OEM market with the major manufacturers of auto audio covering Fujitsu-ten, Siemens VDO, Mobis Shanghai, Delphi, etc., of which, Fujitsu-ten enjoyed the largest shipment in 2009 with the market share reaching 15%.

Automotive Infotainment is a kind of equipment combining both automotive information system and entertainment system. In 2009, the global shipment of auto Infotainment was decreased, mainly owing to the declined demand of premium automobiles worldwide. The global shipment of auto Infotainment is mainly concentrated in Japan, European Union and North America, wherein, the shipment of auto Infotainment in Japan in 2009 accounted for 32.6% of the global total shipment.

In the factory OEM market of auto Infotainment, the manufacturers that possess more than 10% market shares include Continental, Becker, Denso and AisinAW, while in the aftermarket, the ones with over 10% market shares cover Pioneer, Panasonic, Becker, Blaupunkt, and Alpine.

The manufacturers of automotive Infotainment in China are primarily composed of foreign-funded enterprises and joint ventures, of which, the foreign-funded enterprises approximately occupy 50%, the joint ventures about 40%, and Chinese local enterprises only 10%.

Table of Contents

1 Global Automobile Industry and Market

2 China Automobile Industry and Market
2.1 Recent Development
2.2 Brand Pattern
2.3 Sales Data
2.4 Export
2.5 Financial Status Quo of Major Automobile Groups

3 TELEMATICS
3.1 Profile
3.2 Industrial Mode & Function
3.3 Development History
3.4 Status Quo
3.5 TELEMATICS in China
3.6 Market and Industry

4 Market and Industry of Auto Audio System
4.1 Profile
4.2 Industry Chain
4.3 Market
4.4 Market Share of Global Manufacturers
4.4.1 Factory OEM Market
4.4.2 Major Suppliers & Proportions
4.4.3 Aftermarket
4.5 China Auto Audio Industry and Market
4.5.1 Auto Audio Manufacturers and Whole Vehicle Manufacturers
4.5.2 China Auto Audio Market
4.5.3 China Auto Audio and Infotainment Industry

5 Auto Infotainment Industry and Market
5.1 Industry Chain
5.2 Market
5.3 Market Share of Global Major Manufacturers
5.4 Supply Proportions of Global Auto Infotainment Manufacturers and Automakers
5.5 Market Share of In-vehicle Communication

6 Global Auto Audio & INFOTAINMENT Manufacturers
6.1 Harman International
6.2 Continental Corp.
6.3 Pioneer
6.4 Foryou Group
6.5 Alpine
6.6 Clarion
6.7 Delphi
6.8 Visteon
6.9 Hangsheng Electronics
6.10 Panasonic
6.11 Fujitsu Ten
6.12 Aisin Seiki
6.13 Denso
6.14 Panyu Juda Car Audio Equipment Co., Ltd.
6.15 Mobis
6.15.1 Mobis Shanghai
6.15.2 Hyundai AUTONET
6.16 SONAVOX
6.17 Coagent Electronic S&T Co., Ltd.
6.18 Shenzhen Baoling
6.19 JVC Kenwood
6.20 BLAUPUNKT
6.21 BOSE

Global and China Automotive Wiring Harness Industry Report, 2009-2010

Automotive wiring harness is called the “vessel” of a car, and it is often considered as the central nervous system of a vehicle, combining in-car computer with auto related functions. Wiring harness has become an important indicator that evaluates the performance of a car.( http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=135367&rt=Global-and-China-Automotive-Wiring-Harness-Industry-Report-2009-2010.html )

In H2 2008, the number of orders obtained by automobile manufacturers shrunk dramatically. In 2009, optimistic expectation and strong Chinese market made automakers get more orders. As the increasing electronics get applied to the automobile, and the population of hybrid vehicles increases, automotive wiring harness market grows steadily, and it is expected that the market will value US billion in 2012.

Global automotive wiring harness market is monopolized by large manufacturers, the top four of which hold more than 75% market shares. All the manufacturers except Delphi are Japanese enterprises. The manufacturers of automotive wiring harness must have production experience and cost control ability. Yazaki, Sumitomo, Leoni, Furukawa, Fujikura, Coroplast and Comba are the manufacturers starting from wire and cable business. Most of these manufacturers own upstream mining resources. Sumitomo and Furukawa have their own copper mines and they do quite well in cost control. Traditional auto parts makers do not have many advantages in wire harness, so Valeo sold wiring harness business to Leoni.

Secondly, the manufacturers of automotive wiring harness should have technical expertise in automotive connectors. Fujikura boasts of the state-of-the-art connector technologies; so do Yazaki and Sumitomo.

In addition, the manufacturers of automotive wiring harness should cooperate exceedingly well with automakers since the quality and stability of wire harness are crucial, therefore, automakers can not change suppliers randomly after they choose a certain one. Besides, the design of auto harness associates with electronics, mechanics, thermal distribution and other factors. In such a context, the design must be synergized by automotive wiring harness manufacturers and automobile manufacturers, but it is difficult for small manufacturers to do so. Automotive wiring harness need to be improved through continuous testing. Both of Delphi and Lear have benefited from their good relationship with automakers for many years.
 

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Japan is an overlord in household air-conditioner field worldwide thanks to its most advanced technology in the core upstream component–compressor. Many Japanese enterprises, including Daikin, Hitachi, Panasonic, Toshiba, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Mitsubishi Electric, are the key players in compressor industry. As such, American enterprises still have competitive strength in high-power air-conditioning compressor industry, represented by Carrier, Trane, Copeland and York. Accordingly, the automotive air-conditioner field is dominated by Japanese enterprises and American counterparts.

Denso continues its leading role in the sector. Together with Toyota Industries, which is the largest manufacturer of automotive air-conditioning compressor in the world, the collective market share of the two surpasses one third of the total. Automotive air-conditioner or compressor products of Denso have been used by the world’s well-known automakers. At the early stage, Denso built massive business in compressor sector. After 2000, Denso began to transfer compressor business to Toyota Industries and focus on the design and sales of the whole system of air-conditioners. Besides, Denso cooperated with Toyota Industries to establish compressor base in overseas country. And Toyota Industries holds always as high as 65% shares of the project. Toyota Industries only produces compressor.

The auto air-conditioner technology of Valeo stems from ZEXEL which originated from DKK. As the biggest producer of diesel fuel injection in Asia, DKK was founded in 1939 with its technology from Bosch. In 2000, ZEXEL was purchased by Bosch, and Bosch only retained diesel injection business and it sold in 2005 its compressor business to Valeo with €100 million. Since then, the joint venture had become the wholly-owned subsidiary of Valeo. Although the compressor business is not its core operation, ZEXEL still boasts the exceedingly excellent compressor technology.

About 70% revenue of Calsonic Kansei, a membership of Nissan Group, comes from Nissan which holds 32% shares of the company. Calsonic Kansei originally cooperated with Harrison (affiliated to Delphi Corporation) to produce auto air-conditioning compressor, and later acquired compressor business of NSK, which has gained favor from BMW due to its state-of-the-art technology. In particular, BMW contributes more than 70% to revenue of NSK from compressor business. Yet, NSK rests its core business with timing equipments. It is beyond doubt that Calsonic Kansei becomes the supplier of BMW after the acquisition.   

Keihin, a carburetor giant, has also made remarkable achievements in compressor sector. In spite of not being compared with the three leading manufacturers aforementioned, Keihin has developed exceedingly loyal clients after years’ cooperation with Toyota. Additionally, there has JCS, an up-rising star co-funded by Mazda, Visteon and Panasonic. JCS is expected to witness a bright prospect since it has reliable customers like Mazda and Ford.

Although it is in hardship, Delphi Corp. never tends to quit its core business – automotive thermal system. As the former world’s largest manufacturer of auto air-conditioning compressor, Delphi Corp. has long teamed up with Harrison to produce compressors. As an enterprise with 100-year history, Harrison has won a host of faithful customers including Fiat, PSA and Renault apart from its VIP client–GM.

Visteon shares a slice of pie in auto air conditioner field by its role as a share holder of Halla Climate Control Corp. Similar to Delphi Corp, Visteon also concentrates on its automotive thermal system business and has no intention to quit auto air conditioner business. Moreover, Visteon has obtained over 60% auto air conditioner business from Hyundai by relying on Halla Group.

Being short of technology support, Behr, a German enterprise, joins hands with the second largest air-conditioning compressor manufacturer in Japan – Sanden to offset its demerit. In general, the air-conditioner system of Behr employs the compressor produced by Sanden. In recent two years, Behr has been to the bad ceaselessly while the profit of Sanden dropped not so much.

Chinese manufacturers are professional in after-sale maintenance market, which makes China be the largest maintenance base of automotive air-conditioning compressors around the globe. Chinese manufacturers feature high output, low unit price and slim profit; while the German enterprises are powerful in coach air-conditioner compressor, represented by BITZER which almost monopolizes the market.  
 

Market Shares of Leading Auto Air-Conditioner Manufacturers Worldwide by Shipment, 2009

HEV (Hybrid Electrical Vehicle) air conditioner is likely to be the development tendency of automotive air-conditioner business. The main difference between HEV and traditional automobile lies in driving energy, which requires the driving mode of air-conditioning compressors to be modified. Currently, the leading enterprises in HEV air-conditioner compressors are Sanden and Toyota Industries.

For details of this report please visit http://www.researchinchina.com/Htmls/Report/2010/5930.html.

Intelligent Transportation Systems is the world’s cutting-edge research in the field of transport issues in developed countries and implementing a series of research projects, the core is in response to increasingly heavy traffic demand and environmental pressures, the use of information technology, communication technology, computer technology, control technology, the traditional transport systems in-depth reform to improve efficiency in the use of system resources, system security and reduce resource consumption and environmental pollution. Intelligent Transportation Chinese cities is accelerating the pace of development, particularly in Beijing, Shanghai and other large cities. Some features of vehicle information systems and related services, can be an important complement to intelligent transportation, intelligent transportation integration with China will accelerate the development of vehicle information services market. According to the experience in developed countries, in a mature car market, car sales throughout the automotive industry profits accounted for about 20 percent of profits, supply parts and components accounted for about 20 percent of profits, while 60 percent of the profits generated by the field of automotive services. China’s auto market competition in the field of vehicle sales more and more intense competition in the automotive industry chain is the focus shift to the automotive aftermarket, including vehicle maintenance, beauty, conversion, navigation, surveillance, telematics services and other fields of automotive service China’s auto market will become a new profit growth industry. Vehicle navigation enterprises should fully understand the operation of integrated information services, a huge potential market value, and its necessary follow-up study.

Present, and intelligent transportation relations and is most closely the real-time traffic information for the user released, although the release forms and networks, the current standards are not uniform, but whether to take that form, car information products should have the corresponding functions makes the development of the sub platform with real-time traffic information services. The construction of intelligent transportation systems, should help to improve traffic management business and management level, to management for efficiency, the direction to resources. As an important participant in urban transport groups of private cars will be smart traffic, thus promoting pre-installed navigation system is installed to further improve the rate.

Authoritative advisory body based on data from the navigation system car navigation industry view of the market size, installed navigation systems by 2009 the market scale of 5.572 billion yuan, up 6.8%, and 19.2% in the year 2008 growth rate and 5.216 billion yuan compared with the absolute income, growth rate decreased significantly, and its growth and the automotive industry’s growth is not synchronous, mainly because of low passenger growth, faster, and navigation terminal hardware prices fall faster .

Car car navigation electronic map markets in 2009 sales volume was 362 million yuan, a slight increase compared with 2008, a growth rate of 7.5%.

In accordance with the authority of the advisory body to forecast China’s 2014 pre-installed navigation car sales will reach 1.587 million units, the assembly rate will be close to 7%.

China has become the world’s largest auto market, an effective form of Intelligent Transportation, car navigation industry development.

Short, as people in the car to enjoy increasingly strong demand for services. Enterprises should focus on vehicle-vehicle information system, the full integration of automotive technology and mobile communications technology. Real-vehicle information system has two network, one-car electronic networks, the other is associated with the outside world communication networks. Currently, many of China’s car information system products are not very good integration of these two networks, some of the products communicate only with functions, not associated with the vehicle bus, making navigation device features and functionality in their applications have been carried out a certain limit. As the largest provider of navigation maps of high German companies, government and business services in Beijing Mobile cooperate with the first major cities in China implemented the “urban management through” management system and laid the implementation of relevant norms. Currently, the German software has been involved in the Shanghai, Nanjing, Jinan and more than 20 areas of “urban management through” project implementation, while further expanding the “real-time communications tax” and other location-based wireless network of government services, also participated in the 2008 Olympic Sailing Committee of Beijing Olympic Games, positioning and monitoring related to the project scheduling system. 2009 software for high-Tak vehicle navigation electronic map in China reached 51.2% market share year on year in 2008 improved by 2 percentage points, to obtain market share the first results. High German will consolidate the current navigation electronic map in China leading supplier of products and services based on the position to lead more with the electronic map-related services and applications; the future will navigate electronic maps and a comprehensive POI database, based on collaboration of the navigation efforts to establish a unified chain of location services platform, and achieve seamless integration with a variety of applications and interactive network to provide users with comprehensive location services. A new generation of 3D high German BMW navigation map of the Chinese market before it is three-dimensional navigation in the Chinese car debut. Three-dimensional navigation in the car before the installation in the field of application of the landmark, which is a new generation of high-end German navigation technology in a dominant display. Automotive industry will accelerate the integration of development and communications.

Article by hi joiney

Attitude Control See also: Attitude control system Attitude control is the exercise of control over the orientation of an object with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity (the celestial sphere, certain fields, nearby objects, …). Controlling vehicle attitude requires sensors to measure vehicle attitude, actuators to apply the torques needed to re-orient the vehicle to a desired attitude, and algorithms to command the actuators based on (1) sensor measurements of the current attitude and (2) specification of a desired attitude. The integrated field that studies the combination of sensors, actuators and algorithms is called Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC). Sensors Relative attitude sensors Many sensors generate outputs that reflect the rate of change in attitude. These require a known initial attitude, or external information to use them to determine attitude. Many of this class of sensor have some noise, leading to inaccuracies if not corrected by absolute attitude sensors. Gyroscopes Devices that sense rotation in 3-space, without reliance on observation of external objects. Classically, a gyroscope consists of a spinning mass, but there are also “Laser Gyros” utilizing coherent light reflected around a closed path. Another type of “gyro” is a hemispherical resonator gyro, where a crystal cup shaped like a wine glass can be driven into oscillation, just as a wine glass “sings” as a finger is rubbed around its rim. The orientation of the oscillation is fixed in inertial space, so measuring the orientation of the oscillation relative to the spacecraft can be used to sense the motion of the spacecraft with respect to inertial space. Motion Reference Units Motion Reference Units are single or multiaxis motion sensors. They utilize Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Structure (MEMS) sensor technology. These sensors are revolutionizing inertial sensor technology by bringing together micro-electronics with micro-machining technology, to make complete systems-on-a-chip with high accuracy. Typical applications for Motion Reference Units are: Antenna motion compensation and stabilization Dynamic positioning Heave compensation of offshore cranes High speed craft motion control and damping systems Hydro acoustic positioning Motion compensation of single and multibeam echosounders Ocean wave measurements Offshore structure motion monitoring Orientation and attitude measurements on AUVs and ROVs Ship motion monitoring Absolute attitude sensors This class of sensors sense the position or orientation of fields, objects or other phenomena outside the spacecraft. Horizon sensor A horizon sensor is an optical instrument that detects light from the ‘limb’ of the Earth’s atmosphere, i.e., at the horizon. Thermal Infrared sensing is often used, which senses the comparative warmth of the atmosphere, compared to the much colder cosmic background. This sensor provides orientation with respect to the earth about two orthogonal axes. It tends to be less precise than sensors based on stellar observation. Sometimes referred to as an Earth Sensor. Orbital gyrocompass Similar to the way that a terrestrial gyrocompass uses a pendulum to sense local gravity and force its gyro into alignment with earth’s spin vector, and therefore point north, an orbital gyrocompass uses a horizon sensor to sense the direction to earth’s center, and a gyro to sense rotation about an axis normal to the orbit plane. Thus, the horizon sensor provides pitch and roll measurements, and the gyro provides yaw. See Tait-Bryan angles Sun sensor A sun sensor is a device that senses the direction to the Sun. This can be as simple as some solar cells and shades, or as complex as a steerable telescope, depending on mission requirements. Star tracker A star tracker is an optical device that measures the position(s) of star(s) using photocell(s) or a camera. Many models are currently available. Star trackers, which require high sensitivity, may become confused by sunlight reflected from the spacecraft, or by exhaust gas plumes from the spacecraft thrusters (either sunlight reflection or contamination of the star tracker window). Star trackers are also susceptible to a variety of errors (low spatial frequency, high spatial frequency, temporal, …) in addition to a variety of optical sources of error (spherical aberration, chromatic aberration, …). There are also many potential sources of confusion for the star identification algorithm (planets, comets, supernovae, the bimodal character of the point spread function for adjacent stars, other nearby satellites, point-source light pollution from large cities on Earth, …). There are roughly 57 bright navigational stars in common use. However, for more complex missions, entire starfield databases are used to determine spacecraft orientation. A typical star catalog for high-fidelity attitude determination is originated from a standard base catalog (for example from the United States Naval Observatory) and then filtered to remove problematic stars, for example due to apparent magnitude variability, color index uncertainty, or a location within the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram implying unreliability. These types of star catalogs can have thousands of stars stored in memory onboard the spacecraft, or else processed using tools at the ground station and then uploaded. Magnetometer A magnetometer is a device that senses magnetic field strength and, when used in a three-axis triad, magnetic field direction. As a spacecraft navigational aid, sensed field strength and direction is compared to a map of the Earth magnetic field stored in the memory of an onboard or ground-based guidance computer. If spacecraft position is known then attitude can then be inferred. Algorithms Control Algorithms are computer programs that receive data from vehicle sensors and derive the appropriate commands to the actuators to rotate the vehicle to the desired attitude. The algorithms range from very simple, e.g. proportional control, to complex nonlinear estimators or many in-between types, depending on mission requirements. Typically, the attitude control algorithms are part of the software running on the hardware which receives commands from the ground and formats vehicle data Telemetry for transmission to a ground station. Actuators Attitude control can be obtained by several mechanisms, specifically: Thrusters Main article: Thruster Thrusters are the most common, as they may be used for station keeping as well. Thrusters (often monopropellant rockets), must be organized as a Reaction control system to provide triaxial stabilization. Their limitations are fuel usage, engine wear, and cycles of the control valves. The fuel efficiency of an attitude control system is determined by its specific impulse (ISP – essentially, the rocket’s exhaust velocity) and the smallest torque impulse it can provide. In practice, vehicle spin is reduced to a rate equivalent to this amount. Typically there is a tiny blip of thrust in one direction, and a few tens of seconds later, an opposing blip of thrust is needed to keep orientation errors within limits. To minimize the fuel limitation on mission duration, auxiliary attitude control systems may be used to reduce vehicle rotation to lower levels, notably smaller, lower thrust vernier thrusters that accelerate ionized gases to extreme velocities electrically, using power from solar cells. Spin stabilisation Main article: Spin stabilisation The entire space vehicle itself can be spun up to stabilize the orientation of a single vehicle axis. This method is widely used to stabilize the final stage of a launch vehicle. The entire spacecraft and an attached solid rocket motor are spun up about the rocket’s thrust axis, on a “spin table” oriented by the attitude control system of the lower stage on which the spin table is mounted. When final orbit is achieved, the satellite may be de-spun by various means, or left spinning. Spin stabilization of satellites is only applicable to those missions with a primary axis of orientation that need not change dramatically over the lifetime of the satellite and no need for extremely high precision pointing. It is also useful for missions with instruments that must scan the starfield or the Earth’s surface or atmosphere. See spin-stabilized satellite. Momentum wheels Main article: Momentum wheel These are electric motor driven rotors made to spin in the direction opposite to that required to re-orient the vehicle. Since momentum wheels make up a small fraction of the spacecraft’s mass and are computer controlled, they give precise control. Momentum wheels are generally suspended on magnetic bearings to avoid bearing friction and breakdown problems. To maintain orientation in three dimensional space a minimum of two must be used, with additional units providing single failure protection. See Euler angles. Control moment gyros Main article: Control moment gyroscope These are rotors spun at constant speed, mounted on gimbals to provide attitude control. While a CMG provides control about the two axes orthogonal to the gyro spin axis, triaxial control still requires two units. A CMG is a bit more expensive in terms of cost and mass, since gimbals and their drive motors must be provided. The maximum torque (but not the maximum angular momentum change) exerted by a CMG is greater than for a momentum wheel, making it better suited to large spacecraft. A major drawback is the additional complexity, which increases the number of failure points. For this reason, the International Space Station uses a set of four CMGs to provide dual failure tolerance. Solar sails Main article: Solar sail Small solar sails, (devices that produce thrust as a reaction force induced by reflecting incident light) may be used to make small attitude control and velocity adjustments. This application can save large amounts of fuel on a long-duration mission by producing control moments without fuel expenditure. For example, Mariner 10 adjusted its attitude using its solar cells and antennas as small solar sails. Gravity-gradient stabilization Main article: Gravity-gradient stabilization In orbit, a spacecraft with one axis much longer than the other two will spontaneously orient so that its long axis points at the planet’s center of mass. This system has the virtue of needing no active control system or expenditure of fuel. The effect is caused by a tidal force. The upper end of the vehicle feels less gravitational pull than the lower end. This provides a restoring torque whenever the long axis is not co-linear with the direction of gravity. Unless some means of damping is provided, the spacecraft will oscillate about the local vertical. Sometimes tethers are used to connect two parts of a satellite, to increase the stabilizing torque. A problem with such tethers is that meteoroids as small as a grain of sand can part them. Magnetic torquers Main article: Magnetic torquers Coils or (on very small satellites) permanent magnets exert a moment against the local magnetic field. This method works only where there is a magnetic field to react against. One classic field “coil” is actually in the form of a conductive tether in a planetary magnetic field. Such a conductive tether can also generate electrical power, at the expense of orbital decay. Conversely, by inducing a counter-current, using solar cell power, the orbit may be raised. Due to massive variability in Earth magnetic field from an ideal radial field, control laws based on torques coupling to this field will be highly non-linear. Moreover, only two-axis control is available at any given time meaning that a vehicle reorient may be necessary to null all rates. Pure passive attitude control This method of gravity gradient and magnetic field pointing can be combined to form a completely passive attitude control system. Such a simple system has limited pointing accuracy, because the spacecraft will oscillate around energy minima. This drawback is overcome by adding a viscous damper, a small can or tank of fluid mounted in the spacecraft, possibly with internal baffles to increase internal friction. Friction within the damper will gradually convert oscillation energy into heat dissipated within the viscous damper. As this system has two stable states, if the satellite has a preferred orientation, e.g. a camera pointed at the planet, some way to flip the satellite and its tether end-for-end is needed. See also Aircraft attitude Longitudinal static stability References ^ Bate, Mueller, White. “Fundamentals of Astrodynamics.” Dover, 1971. ^ Wertz, J.R. “Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control.” Kluwer, 1978. ^ Sidi, M.J. “Spacecraft Dynamics & Control. Cambridge, 1997. ^ Wiesel, W.E. “Spaceflight Dynamics.” McGraw-Hill, 1997. ^ Thomson, W.T. “Introduction to Space Dynamics.” Dover, 1961. ^ http://nmp.nasa.gov/st6/TECHNOLOGY/star_camera.html ^ http://www.isr.goodrich.com/StarTrackers.shtml ^ http://www.ballaerospace.com/page.jsp?page=104 ^ http://www.jena-optronik.com/cps/rde/xchg/SID-26EE34DB-86FBFA6B/optronik/hs.xsl/3884.htm Categories: Spacecraft propulsion | Spacecraft componentsHidden categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2008 | All articles lacking sources

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We can drive car, motorcycle, dirt bike and scooter in China. But why we can not drive ATV?

Many ATV manufacturer exports ATV every year to Europe and U.S.A.However, the domestic demands is short.

Now in China, laws prohibit driving ATV. Government has a list of vehicles which are available in China except ATV.

This the reason we don’t use ATV trailer and ATV winch in China.

All our ATV trailers and ATV winches are exported to the rest of world.

ATV also is not vehicle for disabled.

In many countries, ATV only can be used in given condition such as casino, racing road, farm or forest and so on. It’s illegal when driving on the road.

For example, people in U.S often carry ATV on the jeep to a given ground. They can only drive ATVs in this ground.

Otherwise, some country allows driving ATVs such as France.

However ATVs in France should meet the French standard. The ATV should include swerve light, rearview mirror, glisten piece, bugle and front light.

Every country has its regulation. When importing ATVs, you should acknowledge some regulation in your country.

Due to the Chinese condition, we suggest that we can enjoy the joy brought with ATV driving. If the goverment allow ATV driving in some aera, it increase domestic demands of ATV and benefit for the ATV factory.

Wait for this days.

Article source: ATV for sale

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